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Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

The Most Complete and Detailed Timeline

The arragement of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt into dynasties is based upon the History which the Egyptian priest Manetho prepared under Ptolemy II in the third century B.C.

The Dynastic Lists have come down to us in the somewhat differing versions of the Christian writers Africanus and Eusebius of the third century A.D. while other passages of the History have been preserved in the work of Flavius Josephus of the first century A.D. (see W. G. Waddell, Manetho, The Loeb Classical Library, 1948).

Several Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt lists, such as those which must have been employed by Manetho in preparing his History, have fortunately survived.

timeline of ancient egypt

timeline of ancient egypt 2

Period

Prehistoric

Before 4000: settlements in the Fayum, at Merimde-Beni-Salame and El Omari in Lower Egypt and at Tasa and Badari in Upper Egypt.
4000 B.C. to 3200 B.C.: the emergence from the stone age with the practical use of hardened copper.

Amratian: also called Early Predynastic or Naqadah I: Petrie's Sequence Dates (SD 30-40)

Cerzean: also called Naqadah II
Early Gerzean (SD 40-50): corresponds to Middle Predynastic.
Late Gerzean (SD 50-79): includes the ill-defined corpus of objects former¬ly termed Semainean or Late Predynastic and the transitional period leading up to Dynasty I sometimes called Protodynastic (including King Scorpion).

Archaic Period: 3200 to 2680 B.C.

Dynasty I: 3200-2980 B.C.

Narmer

Aha

Dynasty II: 2980-2780 B.C.

Dynasty III: 2780-2680 B.C.

Old Kingdom: 2680 to 2258 B.C.

Dynasty IV: 2680-2565 B.C.

Dynasty V: 2565-2420 B.C.

Dynasty VI: 2420-2258 B.C.

First Intermediate Period: 2258 to 2040 B.C.

Dynasty VII: Interregnum

Dynasty VIII: (Memphite) 2258-2232

Dynasty IX: (Heracleopolitan) 2232-2140 B.C.

Dynasty X: (Heracleopolitan) 2140-2040 B.C.

Neferkara
Khety III (Wah-ka-ra)
Merikara
Khety IV (Neb-kau-ra)

Contemporaneous with Dynasty X:

Dynasty XI in South: 2134-2040

Mentuhotep I (Tepy-aa)
Intef I (Seher-tawy)
Intef II (Wah-ankh): 2118-2068
Intef III (Nekht-neb-tep-nefer): 2068-2061
Mentuhotep II (Neb-hepet-ra): 2061-2040

Fall of Heracleopolis to Mentuhotep II: 2040

Middle Kingdom: 2040 to 1786 B.C.

Dynasty XI: United Egypt: 2040-1991

Dynasty XII: 1991-1786 B.C.

Second Intermediate Period: 1786 to 1570 B.C.

Dynasties XIII-XIV: 1786-1680

Dynasties XV-XVI (Hyksos): 1720-1570 B.C.
(Local rulers at Thebes forming Dynasty XVI)

Dynasty XV11: 1600-1570 B.C.

New Kingdom: 1570 to 1085 B.C.

Dynasty XVIII: 1570-1349

Dynasty XIX: 1342-1197

Dynasty XX: 1197-1085

Period of Decline: 1085 to 663 B.C.

Dynasty XXI: 1085-950 B.C.

Dynasty XXII: 950-730 B.C.:(Bubastite) Libyan kings

Dynasty XXIII: 817 (?)-730 B.C.

Dynasty XXIV: 730-715 B.C.

Dynasty XXV: (Kushite: Ethiopian) 751-656 B.C.

Kashta
Piankhy: 751-716:Conquest of Egypt: Circa 730
Shabako: 716-701
Shebitku: 701-690
Taharqa:690-664
Tanwetamani: 664-653

Assyrians in Egypt: 671 sack of Memphis under Esarhaddon; 663 sack of Thebes by Ashurbanipal; 658-651 Psamtik I gains control of country.

SAITE PERIOD: 663 to 525 B.C.

Dynasty XXVI: 663-525 B.C.

Foreign Domination

Persian Period: 525 to 332 B.C.

Dynasty XXVII: 525-404 B.C.

Dynasty XXVIII: 404-398 B.C.

Dynasty XXIX: 398-378 B.C.

Dynasty XXX: 378-341 B.C.

Dynasty XXXI: 341-332 B.C. SECOND PERSIAN DOMINATION:

Ptolemaic Period: 332-30 B.C.

Roman period: 30 B.C. to A.D. 324 (Accession of Constantine)

Byzantine or Coptic Period: A.D. 324-640.

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